MMMMMMMMMM

                                                                                       THE DODO. The very la                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

                                                                               st Dodo was killed in 1681. It                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                            lived on the island nation of Mau                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                            ritius, just off the coast of Madagasca                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                        r. This flightless bird had never encount                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                        ered humans before, or the pigs, cats and                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                         rats that came along for the ride in 1638, wh                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                    en the Dutch arrived. It turns out the Dodo wa                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                    s quite tasty, to both humans and these new pre                                                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                dators. It was bigger than a turkey, about 50 pound                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                             s. During the brief time it was known to humans, it                                                                                                                                                                                                   

                                                          was thought to be fat and clumsy. The Dodo simply di                                                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                     dn't know enough to run away and hide, because there we                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                  ren't any predators on the islands. Its name became an insul                                                                                                                                                                                                   

                t, meaning stupid, partly because of this behavior, but Lewis Caroll's depiction of                                                                                                                                                                                                 

             a Dodo in "Alice in Wonderland" certainly didn't help. It is one of the first exampl                                                                                                                                                                                                 

     es of human-induced extinction, that is, when people started becoming aware of suc                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  h a thing, that there might be some sort of limit to Nature's Bounty. Interestingly, the                                                                                                                                                                                                  

   Dodo is related to the Pigeon, so it was doubly sad when one of its cousins, Martha, a                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Passenger Pigeon, died in 1914. She was held captive half a world away in a zoo in Cinc                                                                                                                                                                                                  

innati, Ohio, and was the last representative of her species. Here is a list of other birds                                                                                                                                                                                                   

that have gone extinct since the Dodo: 1690 Mascarene Teal 1690 Réunion Sheldgoose                                                                                                                                                                                                   

1700 Elephant Bird 1700 Leguat's Rail 1700 Mauritian Barn Owl 1700 Réunion Sol                                                                                                                                                                                                       

itaire 1722 Labat's Conure 1750 Guadeloupe Amazon 1750 Martinique Amazon 17                                                                                                                                                                                                      

60 Lesser Antillean Macaw 1765 Jamaican Yel   low-headed Macaw 1776 Réunion                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Fody 1777 Society Parakeet 1780 Bay Thrush        1780 Mysterious Starling 1780 Ro                                                                                                                                                                                                          

driguez Solitaire 1793 Oceanic Eclectus Parr          ot 1800 Amsterdam Island Duc                                                                                                                                                                                                             

k 1800 Dominican Green-and-yellow Mac          aw 1800 Moorea Sandpiper 180                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  0 Painte  d Vulture 1800 Reunion Rin          g-necked Parakeet 1800 Rodrigu                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  es Parro      t 1800 Tahiti Sandpiper           1800 Tanna Ground Dove 1800 To                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

     nga Tabu       Tahiti Flycatcher               1801 Norfolk Pigeon 1825 Oahu                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

         Ōmao 18                   26 Pi              geon Hollandaise 1827 Kusaie Mou                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

             ntain                                      Starling 1828 Kittlitz's Thrush 1830 Bo                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                         nin Grosbeak 1830 Kangaroo Island Em                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                     u 1830 White Gallinule 1837 Oahu O-O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

                                                   1840 Dieffenbach's Rail 1840 Mascaren                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                              e Parrot 1842 Jamaican Green and Yellow                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                          Macaw 1844 Great Auk 1850 Black-front                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                       ed parakeet 1850 Commerson's Scops Owl                                1850 Giant Mo                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                   a 1850 Kioea 1850 Kittlitz's Rail 1850 Moa 1850                      Rodriguez Little Owl                                                                                                                                                                              

                                    1850 Steller's Spectacled Cormorant 1850 Tasma     nian Emu 1851 Norfolk kākā 18                                                                                                                                                                      

                               53 Lord Howe Island Pigeon 1859 Jamaican Pauraque 1860 New Caledonean Lorikeet 186                                                                                                                                                         

                               4 Cuban Red Macaw 1868 New Zealand Quail 1868 Réunion Crested Starling 1869 Red-fronted                                                                                                                                                 

                           Parakeet 1870 Himalayan Mountain Quail 1873 Samoan Wood Rail 1874 Coues's Gadwall 1875 Labrado                                                                                                                                      

                           r Duck 1879 Bonin Night Heron 1880 Macquarie Island Banded Rail 1880 Rodrigues Ring-necked Parakeet                                                                                                                                 

                         1881 Jamaican Wood Rail 1881 Seychelles Parakeet 1884 Sandwich Rail 1887 Ryukyu Kingfisher 1890 Comoro Sc                                                                                                                             

                        ops Owl 1890 Macquarie Island Parakeet 1890 Oahu Nukupu'u 1890 Tristan Gallinule 1891 Lesser Koa-finch 1892 Gu                                                                                                                     

                        adalupe 1892 Puerto Rican Conure, a parrot 1892 ʻUla-ʻAi-hawane 1894 Kona Grosbeak 1894 Lana'i 'Akioloa 1894 Lya                                                                                                                    

                    ll's Wren 1895 Chatham Island Fernbird 1896 Greater Koa-finch 1896 Maui Nui 'Akialoa 1898 Hawaii Mamo 1899 Culebra                                                                                                                 

                     Island Amazon 1900 Antiguan Burrowing Owl 1900 Bonin Wood Pigeon 1900 Guadalupe Rufous-sided Towhee 1900 Guadel                                                                                                              

                oupe Burrowing Owl 1900 Martinique Wren 1900 Modest Rail 1900 North Island Bush Wren 1900 North Island Laughing Owl 19                                                                                                         

                00 Queleli 1900 Saint Kitts Puerto Rican Bullfinch 1900 South Island Laughing Owl 1900 Tahiti Rail 1901 Greater Amakihi 1904 Molo                                                                                                  

                kai ōō 1906 Chatham Island Bellbird 1906 Guadalupe Flicker 1907 Black Mamo 1907 Huia 1908 Alejandro Selkirk Firecrown 1910 Ca                                                                                                  

                rolina Parakeet 1910 Choiseul Crested Pigeon 1910 New Zealand merganser 1910 Slender-billed grackle 1911 Guadalupe Storm Petrel                                                                                               

                 1914 Forest Spotted Owlet 1914 Passenger Pigeon (Martha!) 1916 Korean Crested Shelduck 1918 Carolina Parakeet 1918 Lānaʻi Hookbi                                         ll, a ho                                            

                neycreeper 1920 Delalande's Madagascar Coucal 1920 Laysan Millerbird 1920 Lord Howe Island Flycatcher 1920 Lord Howe Island Vino                        us-tinted Blackbird 192                         

                3 Iwo Jima Rail 1923 Laysan 'Apapane 1923 Lord Howe Island Fantail 1923 Pink-headed Duck 1925 Lord Howe Island Starling 1927 Para                 dise parrot 1928 Spotted green                    

                 pigeon 1929 Bering cackling goose 1930 Oʻahu ʻAkepa 1931 Lanai ʻōmaʻo 1932 Glaucous macaw 1932 Heath Hen 1934 Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō 1936            Molokai ʻōmaʻo 1937 Lana'i 'Alauahi             

                o 1937 ʻUla-ʻai-hawane 1940 Hawaiʻi ʻAkialoa 1940 Oahu 'Akioloa 1941 Arabian Ostrich 1944 Laysan Rail 1945 Wake Island Rail 1950 Grand     Cayman Oriole 1950 Imperial Woodpec          

                ker 1950 Madagascar Serpent Eagle 1950 New Caledonian White-throated Eared-nightjar 1952 Niceforo's Pintail 1959 Rennell Island Teal 19 63 Kākāwahie, a honeycreeper 1964 Kor          

                    ean Crested Shelduck 1965 Fiji Bar-winged Rail 1965 Kauaʻi Nukupuʻu 1965 New Zealand Bush Wren 1969 Kauai Akialoa 1970 Molokai 'Alauahio 1971 St. Lucia Wren 1980 Bachman  

                    's Warbler 1980 Eskimo Curlew 1980 Mariana Mallard 1985 Alaotra Grebe 1987 Kauai Oo 1988 Maui 'Akepa 1990 Atitlán grebe 1990 Borreo's Cinnamon Teal 1990 Dusky Seaside Spa   

                    rrow 1990 Hooded Seedeater 1990 O'ahu 'Alauahio 1990 'O'u 1995 Maui Nukupu'u 1998 Kauai Nukupu'u 2000 Siau scops owl 2004 Pernambuco pygmy owl 2004 Po'ouli 2007 Cozumel

                    thrasher 2007 Cryptic treehunter, an ovenbird 2007 South Island kōkako 2011 Alagoas foliage-gleaner 2014 Bermuda flicker 2014 Bermuda hawk 2014 Bermuda night-heron 2014 Berm

                    uda saw-whet owl 2014 Christmas Sandpiper 2014 Finschs duck 2014 Hodgens waterhen 2014 Mauritius turtle-dove 2014 North Island Snipe 2014 Oceanic Parrot 2014 Rodrigues blue-

                    pigeon 2014 South Island snipe 2014 Tristan Moorhen 2023 Kauaʻi ʻōʻō Well, it looks like there are not quite enough birds to fill up this shape! As you have been standing here readin

                        g this, though, if you are a quick reader, just over 9.5 million birds have flown straight into the side of a building and died. That's 1 billion birds a year, just in the United States. And

                        we're only talking about birds hitting windows. I can recall seeing a hummingbird bang up against the screen porch, BAM! It fell to the ground, but fortunately, before I could atte

                           mpt to rescue it, it managed to recover and fly away. Want to talk about cats? 1.3 to 4 billion birds per year. Vehicle collisions: 890 to 350 million. Power lines or electrocution: 8

                               to 57 million. All-in-all, well over 5 billion birds per year die, just because of humans, in the United States. Throughout the world, perhaps tens of billions per year. So, as you ha

                                   ve been reading this (thank you very much, by the way, not many people have your powers of concentration), anywhere from 50 to 100 million birds have died, in ju          

                                       st a mere five minutes. The source for this is mostly from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, circa 2021, though the info about cats is from Nature Communications              

                                           in 2013. Check it out if you don't believe me, it does seem sort of impossible. The way things are going, soon I will have more than enough extinct birds to fill the               

                                                  Dodo shape, without repetition. Now, because we still need some filler, here is the list again, in reverse order: 2023 Kauaʻi ʻōʻō 2014 Bermu da flicker 2014 Ber             

                                                         muda hawk 2014 Bermuda night-heron 2014 Bermuda saw-whet owl 2014 Christmas Sandpiper 2014 Finschs duck 2014 Hodgen                 s waterhen 201             

                                                             4 Mauritius turtle-dove 2014 North Island Snipe 2014 Oceanic Parrot 2014 Rodrigues blue-pigeon 2014 South Island snipe 2014                      Tristan Moor                 

                                                             hen 2011 Alagoas foliage-gleaner 2007 Cozumel thrasher 2007 Cryptic treehunter, an ovenbird 2007 South Island kōkako 2004                      Pernambuco                 

                                                                 pygmy owl 2004 Po'ouli 2000 Siau scops owl 1998 Kauai Nukupu'u 1995 Maui Nukupu'u 1990 Atitlán grebe 1990 Borreo's Cin                    namon                           

                                                                Teal 1990 Dusky Seaside Sparrow 1990 Hooded Seedeater 1990 O'ahu 'Alauahio 1990 'O'u 1988 Maui 'Akepa 1987 Kauai Oo 19                     85 Alaotr                         

                                                                    a Grebe 1980 Bachman's Warbler 1980 Eskimo Curlew 1980 Mariana Mallard 1971 St. Lucia Wren 1970 Molokai 'Alauahio                                                                

                                                                     1969 Kauai Akialoa 1965 Fiji Bar-winged Rail 1965 Kauaʻi Nukupuʻu 1965 New Zealand Bush Wren 1964 Korean Crested Sh                                                              

                                                                    elduck 1963 Kākāwahie, a honeycreeper 1959 Rennell Island Teal 1952 Niceforo's Pintail 1950 Grand Cayman Oriole 1950                                                               

                                                                        Imperial Woodpecker 1950 Madagascar Serpent Eagle 1950 New Caledonian White-throated Eared-nightjar 1945 Wake                                                              

                                                                         Island Rail 1944 Laysan Rail 1941 Arabian Ostrich 1940 Hawaiʻi ʻAkialoa 1940 Oahu 'Akioloa 1937 Lana'i 'Alauahio 193                                                             

                                                                        7 ʻUla-ʻai-hawane 1936 Molokai ʻōmaʻo 1934 Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō 1932 Glaucous macaw 1932 Heath Hen 1931 Lanai ʻōmaʻo 1930                                                               

                                                                            Oʻahu ʻAkepa 1929 Bering cackling goose 1928 Spotted green pigeon 1927 Paradise parrot 1925 Lord Howe Island Sta                                                              

                                                                            rling 1923 Iwo Jima Rail 1923 Laysan 'Apapane 1923 Lord Howe Island Fantail 1923 Pink-headed Duck 1920 Delalande                                                            

                                                                            's Madagascar Coucal 1920 Laysan Millerbird 1920 Lord Howe Island Flycatcher 1920 Lord Howe Island Vinous-tinte                                                              

                                                                               d Blackbird 1918 Carolina Parakeet 1918 Lānaʻi Hookbill, a honeycreeper 1916 Korean Crested Shelduck 1914 Fores                                                              

                                                                               t Spotted Owlet 1914 Passenger Pigeon (Martha!) 1911 Guadalupe Storm Petrel 1910 Carolina Parakeet 1910 Chois                                                                  

                                                                                   eul Crested Pigeon 1910 New Zealand merganser 1910 Slender-billed grackle 1908 Alejandro Selkirk Firecrown                                                                   

                                                                                        1907 Black Mamo 1907 Huia 1906 Chatham Island Bellbird 1906 Guadalupe Flicker 1904 Molokai ōō 1901 Gre                                                                 

                                                                                       ater Amakihi 1900 Antiguan Burrowing Owl 1900 Bonin Wood Pigeon 1900 Guadalupe Rufous-sided Towhee                                                                    

                                                                                           1900 Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl 1900 Martinique Wren 1900 Modest Rail 1900 North Island Bush Wren 19                                                                   

                                                                                              00 North Island Laughing Owl 1900 Queleli 1900 Saint Kitts Puerto Rican Bullfinch 1900 South Island Laug                                                                 

                                                                                                     hing Owl 1900 Tahiti Rail 1899 Culebra Island Amazon 1898 Hawaii Mamo 1896 Greater Koa-finch 1896                                                                  

                                                                                                          Maui Nui 'Akialoa 1895 Chatham Island Fernbird 1894 Kona Grosbeak 1894 Lana'i 'Akioloa 1894 Lyal                                                                 

                                                                                                                 l's Wren 1892 Guadalupe 1892 Puerto Rican Conure, a parrot 1892 ʻUla-ʻAi-hawane 1891 Lesser Ko                                                             

                                                                                                                    a-finch 1890 Comoro Scops Owl 1890 Macquarie Island Parakeet 1890 Oahu Nukupu'u 1890 Trist                                                              

                                                                                                                            an Gallinule 1887 Ryukyu Kingfisher 1884 Sandwich Rail 1881 Jamaican Wood Rai                                                                                

                                                                                                                               l 1881 Seychelles Parakeet 1880 Macquarie Island Banded Rail 1880 Rodrigues                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                    Ring-necked Parakeet 1879 Bonin Night Heron 1875 Labrador Duck 1874                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                        Coues's Gadwall 1873 Samoan Wood Rail 1870 Himalayan Mounta                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                              in Quail 1869 Red-fronted Parakeet 1868 New Zealand Qua                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                                  il 1868 Réunion Crested Starling 1864 Cuban Red Macaw                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                          1860 New Caledonean Lorikeet 1859 Jamaican Pa                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                         uraque 1853 Lord Howe Island Pigeon 1851 Nor                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                         folk kākā 18           50 Black-fronted parakeet                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                          1850 Comm                  erson's Scops Owl 18                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                         50 Giant Mo                      a 1850 Kioea 1850                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                         Kittlitz's Ra                       il 1850 Moa 1850 Ro                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                         driguez Li       ttle Owl 185 0 Steller's Specta                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                      cled Cormorant 1850 Tasmanian Emu 1844 Gre                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                            at Auk 1842 Jamaican Green and Yellow Macaw 1840 Dief                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                 fenbach's Rail 1840 Mascarene Parrot 1837 Oahu O-O 1830 Bonin                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                              Grosbeak 1830 Kangaroo Island Emu 1830 White Gallinule 1828 Ki                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                             ttlitz's Thrush 1827 Kusaie Mountain Starling 1826 Pigeon Holl                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                             andaise 1825 Oahu Ōmao 180                                   1 Norfolk Pi                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                         geon 1800 Amsterdam Island                                            Duck 1800 Do                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                         minican     Green-and-y                                                       ellow Mac                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                            aw 1800 Mo                                                    orea Sandpi               per                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                             1800                            Painted Vu                lture 1800 Re      union Ring                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                    -necked Parakeet 1800 Rodrigues Parrot 1800                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                               Tahiti Sa             ndpiper 1800 Tanna Ground Dove 1800                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                          Tonga Tabu Tahiti Flycatcher 1793 Oceanic Eclectus Pa                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                       rrot 1780 Bay Thrush 1780 Mysterious Starling 1780 Rodriguez                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                          Sol   itaire 1777 Society Parakeet 1776 Réunion Fody 1765 Jamai                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                               can   Yellow-headed Macaw 1760 Lesser Antille                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                       an Macaw 1750 Gu                                    adelo                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                            upe Amazon 175                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                    0 Martinique Amaz                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                 on 1722 Labat's Co                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                 nure 1700 Elephant Bird                                                                                                                                                                      

1700 Leguat's Rail 1700 Mauritian Barn Owl 1700 Réunion Solitaire 1690 Mascarene Teal 1690 Réunion Sheldgoose 1681 Dodo.

These are the birds who have gone extinct since the Dodo. Thank you for reading. --Brian K. Johnson

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